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Prickly Tehran
Azadeh Moaveni
Published in
Al-Ahram Weekly
on 14 - 02 - 2002
Amidst growing tension between the US and
Iran
, hundreds of thousands of
Iranians
marked the anniversary of their Islamic Revolution with condemnation of the US and its president. Azadeh Moaveni reports from
Tehran
Tensions between the
United States
and
Iran
persisted last week, but signs of conciliation also emerged in
Tehran
.
Following President George W Bush's State of the Union speech, in which he designated
Iran
as part of the "axis of evil," anti-American rhetoric in
Iran
had grown to a crescendo. The deputy commander of the Revolutionary Guard warned on
Iranian
television that
Iran
would destroy oil fields outside
Iraq
should the
United States
threaten
Iran
. He failed to explain how this might impact
Iran
's ties with its Gulf neighbours, who supply much of the oil the US consumes.
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said last week that any attack on
Iran
would spark a response so "resolute" that it would make the "aggressors regret their action."
The
Iranian
state used the anniversary of the 1979 revolution as an opportunity to demonstrate solid popular backing for the Islamic Republic.
Iran
's massive rallies are organised by the state establishment, and rather than comprising religious displays broadcast on state television, they tend to resemble afternoon carnivals. This year,
Iranian
officials encouraged people to turn out and voice opposition the
United States
. President Mohamed Khatami called on US leaders to "wake up and change your policy on
Iran
," during his speech marking the occasion that he gave in
Tehran
's Azadi Square.
But along with the usual and expected rhetoric, there was evidence that
Iran
is still heeding US sensitivities. After US Secretary of Defence Donald Rumsfeld accused
Iran
of harbouring Al- Qa'eda fugitives, Foreign Minister Kamal Kharrazi suggested the US should help
Iran
track down and locate any.
And in what comes as a long-delayed move intended to show
Iran
's support for the interim government in
Afghanistan
, authorities last week closed the offices of Afghan guerrilla leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar. The one-time warlord has resided in
Iran
since 1996, when the Taliban took
Kabul
. His blood-stained past and religious extremism make him an unlikely participant in any future Afghan government, and earlier Hekmatyar had repeatedly said publicly he would rather go and fight with the Taliban than see a foreign presence in
Afghanistan
. Last week he made derisive comments about the interim government of Hamid Karzai, and insinuated that he might oppose it with the troops and ammunition at his disposal. Shortly afterwards,
Iranian
police shut down his offices in north
Tehran
, saying Hekmatyar had not respected
Iran
's internal security. "
Iran
is no place for anyone or group that resorts to mischief," Interior Minister Abdolvahed Mousavi-Lari said.
Since the beginning of the American military campaign in
Afghanistan
,
Iran
's handling of Hekmatyar has suggested that it viewed him as a kind of a wild card it could play at the appropriate moment. The reining in of Hekmatyar is seen in
Tehran
as a decisive show of goodwill towards the
United States
and the Karzai government.
While
Iran
-US friction seems mixed with positive indicators, relations between
Iran
and the
United Kingdom
are deteriorating more perceptibly.
Iran
has rejected Britain's appointment of a new ambassador to
Tehran
, David Reddaway, claiming that he is a British spy and a Jew. The
Iranian
Foreign Ministry asserted
Iran
's legitimate right to vet its resident diplomatic appointees, though it did not explain how Reddaway's alleged Judaism disqualified him in
Iran
's view. Reddaway is not in fact Jewish, and is particularly qualified, having served in
Iran
twice before, as well as being a Farsi-speaker married to an
Iranian
woman.
The serious turn in the disagreement comes as a surprise. In
Tehran
, it had been expected in previous weeks that the media campaign against Reddaway would die down, and the appointment would eventually proceed smoothly. Similar allegations had surfaced with the appointment of the former British ambassador to
Iran
, Nicholas Brown, and were at the outset seen as a sort of hazing ritual by the hard-line establishment. "It's the usual welcome party a new UK ambassador always gets," said a Western diplomat in
Tehran
.
But with the American identification of
Iran
as a major threat, and the growing intimacy between American and British foreign policy, the rejection is seen as a stand by
Iran
against a perceived confluence of US-UK pressure. Britain has long held that engagement with
Iran
is the most effective means of influencing
Tehran
's behaviour. Following 11 September, the
United States
in effect used UK Foreign Secretary Jack Straw as a back-channel to
Iran
. That diplomacy now seems to have backfired against Britain, as
Iran
's snub to Britain is essentially a hard-line parry against the
United States
.
Britain has refused to appoint a replacement candidate, and responded by downgrading the status of the
Iranian
ambassador to Britain to that of a charge d'affaires.
On the surface the rejection seems a grave turn in
Iranian
-British relations. But British foreign policy is savvy enough to recognise how the domestic power struggle in
Iran
often produces worrisome decisions that are later reversed. The fracas over the appointment of the new ambassador is likely to be yet another bump, but not a pitfall, in relations between the two countries.
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