Ramsco's Women Empowerment Initiative Recognized Among Top BRICS Businesswomen Practices for 2025    Egypt, Elsewedy review progress on Ain Sokhna phosphate complex    Gold prices end July with modest gains    Pakistan says successfully concluded 'landmark trade deal' with US    Egypt's FM, US envoy discuss Gaza ceasefire, Iran nuclear talks    Modon Holding posts AED 2.1bn net profit in H1 2025    Egypt's Electricity Ministry says new power cable for Giza area operational    Egypt's Al-Sisi, Italian defence minister discuss Gaza, security cooperation    Egypt's FM discusses Gaza, Nile dam with US senators    Aid airdrops intensify as famine deepens in Gaza amid mounting international criticism    Health minister showcases AI's impact on healthcare at Huawei Cloud Summit    On anti-trafficking day, Egypt's PM calls fight a 'moral and humanitarian duty'    Federal Reserve maintains interest rates    Egypt strengthens healthcare partnerships to enhance maternity, multiple sclerosis, and stroke care    Egypt keeps Gaza aid flowing, total tops 533,000 tons: minister    Indian Embassy to launch cultural festival in Assiut, film fest in Cairo    Egyptian aid convoy heads toward Gaza as humanitarian crisis deepens    Culture minister launches national plan to revive film industry, modernise cinematic assets    Rafah Crossing 'never been closed for one day' from Egypt: PM    I won't trade my identity to please market: Douzi    Two militants killed in foiled plot to revive 'Hasm' operations: Interior ministry    Egypt's EHA, Huawei discuss enhanced digital health    Egypt, Oman discuss environmental cooperation    Egypt's EDA explores pharma cooperation with Belarus    Foreign, housing ministers discuss Egypt's role in African development push    Egypt reveals heritage e-training portal    Three ancient rock-cut tombs discovered in Aswan    Sisi launches new support initiative for families of war, terrorism victims    Egypt expands e-ticketing to 110 heritage sites, adds self-service kiosks at Saqqara    Egypt's Irrigation Minister urges scientific cooperation to tackle water scarcity    Palm Hills Squash Open debuts with 48 international stars, $250,000 prize pool    On Sport to broadcast Pan Arab Golf Championship for Juniors and Ladies in Egypt    Golf Festival in Cairo to mark Arab Golf Federation's 50th anniversary    Germany among EU's priciest labour markets – official data    Paris Olympic gold '24 medals hit record value    A minute of silence for Egyptian sports    Russia says it's in sync with US, China, Pakistan on Taliban    It's a bit frustrating to draw at home: Real Madrid keeper after Villarreal game    Shoukry reviews with Guterres Egypt's efforts to achieve SDGs, promote human rights    Sudan says countries must cooperate on vaccines    Johnson & Johnson: Second shot boosts antibodies and protection against COVID-19    Egypt to tax bloggers, YouTubers    Egypt's FM asserts importance of stability in Libya, holding elections as scheduled    We mustn't lose touch: Muller after Bayern win in Bundesliga    Egypt records 36 new deaths from Covid-19, highest since mid June    Egypt sells $3 bln US-dollar dominated eurobonds    Gamal Hanafy's ceramic exhibition at Gezira Arts Centre is a must go    Italian Institute Director Davide Scalmani presents activities of the Cairo Institute for ITALIANA.IT platform    







Thank you for reporting!
This image will be automatically disabled when it gets reported by several people.



The Geoengineering Temptation
Published in Daily News Egypt on 25 - 05 - 2010

NEW BRUNSWICK: Let's be clear: man-made global warming is real. As a result of all the carbon dioxide, methane, soot, and other substances that we human beings pump into the atmosphere every year, global average temperatures have been rising over the past half-century.
While some northern countries relish the prospect of extracting minerals from an ice-free Arctic Ocean and using the Northwest Passage, global warming is not good for most of the planet. After all, it means continued sea-level rise, stronger storms and more frequent flooding, drier and longer-lasting droughts, enhanced heat-stress episodes, ocean acidification (destroying corals and other sea life), and the northward migration of malarial mosquitoes and pine beetles. Moreover, fundamental threats to the food and water supply — especially food in the tropics and water in the subtropics — are coming if we continue business as usual.
Unlike the questions surrounding climate change and its consequences, all of which can be answered by scientists, what we want to do about it depends on values — that is, what is important to us. The choices, singly or in combination, are: 1) nothing (the current response); 2) mitigation (reducing emissions of greenhouse gases); 3) attempted adaptation to the ongoing climate changes; and 4) geoengineering.
If you are a big oil or coal company, your choice will be nothing. You would choose to continue to make as much money as possible, while the consumers of your products use the atmosphere as a sewer, with no sewerage charge. And you would spend money on public-relations firms and charlatans to try to confuse the public about the science so that you could continue this as long as possible, just like tobacco companies did recently about the safety of smoking. (Indeed, you would use some of the same firms and charlatans.)
But if you are like me, and want to minimize the damage to people and all other living things on Earth, then you choose mitigation and, where necessary, adaptation. As for geoengineering, we do not yet have enough information to decide, but preliminary studies show that it presents more problems than it solves.
There are basically two quite different and separate types of actions that have been labeled geoengineering. One, carbon dioxide reduction (CDR), involves removing from the atmosphere the main gas that is causing global warming. In general, this is a good idea, but so far it seems rather expensive, and nobody has yet designed a system to then sequester the carbon and keep it out of the atmosphere.
CDR proposals include artificial trees that use chemicals to capture the CO2, and then pump it underground or under the ocean; planting fast-growing trees and then burying them; and fertilizing the ocean with iron to make plankton grow faster, hoping they will fall to the ocean bottom. This last idea has not been shown to work, and may severely damage the entire ocean ecosystem, but the first two are being worked on.
The other geoengineering idea, solar radiation management (SRM), envisions cooling Earth by putting mirrors in space, pumping salt spray from ships into clouds to make them brighter, or filling the stratosphere with a sulfuric acid cloud, just as volcanic eruptions occasionally do. But volcanic eruptions teach us that, while a cloud in the stratosphere would indeed cool the planet and stop ice from melting and the sea from rising, it would also destroy ozone and produce regional droughts.
There are other potential problems with SRM in the stratosphere. For example, it would do nothing to stop ocean acidification. More importantly, there is no way for us to decide what temperature Earth should be. Whose hand would be on the thermostat?
What if Russia and Canada wanted Earth to be warmer, and sinking islands in the Indian Ocean and Pacific want it to be cooler? What if the technology was used for military purposes, or a big multinational corporation had a large role? Would you be happy with no more blue skies (but nice yellow and red sunsets), or never being able to see the Milky Way? If we somehow lost the will or means to continue to produce the stratospheric cloud, temperatures would skyrocket, much faster than they are increasing now.
All this underscores the need for further study. We have to be able to quantify the benefits, risks, and costs of geoengineering, and compare them to the benefits, risks, and costs of our other options, so that we can make an informed decision. SRM might be needed in a planetary emergency — say, if continued warming rapidly accelerates ice-sheet melting and sea-level rise, or if it accelerates methane and CO2 emissions from thawing tundra, which would then accelerate the warming itself.
But geoengineering is not a magic solution to global warming. Right now, it looks even more dangerous. So we must redouble our efforts to shift our economies to a post-carbon world, while still allowing the billions of people without adequate food, water, and education to improve their lives.
This offers tremendous economic opportunities, if we can just put a price on the dangers to the planet of current carbon emissions. So long as governments begin to push the world in this direction, we have a good chance to save our planet without geoengineering.
Alan Robock is Professor of Meteorology and Associate Director of the Center for Environmental Prediction in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University. This commentary is published by Daily News Egypt in collaboration with Project Syndicate.


Clic here to read the story from its source.