GENEVA: New United States measures against what President Barack Obama has termed “modern slavery", will help raise awareness about a scourge that affects three out of 1,000 people worldwide, the International Labor Organization (ILO) said in a statement on Friday. “The new measures and the powerful statements by President Obama can play a major role in highlighting the sheer magnitude of human trafficking, which affects every country in the world to some degree or other," said Beate Andrees, who heads the ILO's Special Action Program to Combat Forced Labor. Nearly 21 million people are victims of forced labor across the world, trapped in jobs which they were coerced or deceived into and which they cannot leave, according to ILO estimates published earlier this year. Ninety percent of the victims are exploited by private individuals and enterprises, while 10 percent are forced to work by the state, by rebel military groups or in prisons. Sexual exploitation accounts for 22 percent of all victims and labor exploitation makes up 68 percent of the total. “The successful prosecution of individuals who bring such misery to so many remains inadequate – this needs to change," Andrees said. In a speech on September 25, President Obama said human trafficking was nothing less than “modern slavery", and battling it is “one of the great human rights causes of our time.” He announced a series of new measures to step up the fight against human trafficking, and issued an executive order to further strengthen what he said was an already strict policy to prevent the use of force labor by US government contractors. An example of these measures is the requirement by each contractor and subcontractor of the US government to maintain a compliance plan containing “a recruitment and wage plan that only permits the use of recruitment companies with trained employees, prohibits charging recruitment fees to the employee, and ensures that wages meet applicable host country legal requirements or explains any variance." The victims of forced labor are usually vulnerable groups of people – low skilled workers kept by illegal means and paid little or nothing. Many are women and girls forced into sex work and migrant workers trapped in debt bondage. The ILO works closely with government partners, workers, employers and parliamentarians around the world to improve legislation and implement national policies against forced labor and the conditions that give rise to it. Most ILO Member States have ratified the two ILO Conventions specifically dealing with forced labor: Forced Labor Convention, 1930 (No. 29) and Abolition of Forced Labor Convention, 1957 (No. 105.)
