Will the Arabs ever rediscover the qualities and the glory that once conquered the world, asks Aijaz Zaka Syed* Allama Iqbal, one of the greatest poets and philosophers Asia has produced, had been endlessly fascinated by the rise and fall of the Muslims. He had been preoccupied with the issue in both his Urdu and Persian poetry collections, both incredibly rich in their range and language. When it comes to the breadth of vision, foresight and grandeur of ideas and thought, no one comes close to the man claimed by both India and Pakistan. The much exploited Saare jahan se achcha Hindustan hamara is just one gem from his repertoire. I have been constantly reminded of the poet- philosopher and what he once said about the Arabs while singing my way through Sir Wilfred Thesiger's Arabian Sands. Iqbal passionately believed in the Islamic renaissance and argued that the rejuvenation of the civilisation that ruled the world for nearly 1,000 years would start in its birthplace at the hands of desert Arabs. Iqbal made the prediction at a time of great turmoil and utter chaos in the Muslim world after the collapse of the Ottoman caliphate. I've often wondered what exactly Iqbal had in mind when he pitched for the Arabs at a time when they seemingly offered no hope for optimism. Thesiger's Arabian Sands offers the answer. Iqbal believed that the world would rediscover the glory of Islam when the Arabs rediscover their roots and their original simplicity, honesty and the courage that once endeared them to the world. Arab traders who took on high seas with their primitive boats and traversed the world on horseback promoted their new faith and worldview not at swordpoint, as some choose to believe, but with their actions and the way they conducted themselves. It was the way they did business or dealt with the world and, more important, their message of universal brotherhood and equality that opened the doors for Arabs wherever they went -- from Spain to Sumatra and from Africa to the far corners of Asia. Thesiger's book, reissued by Motivate to mark the centenary of the legendary British traveller and explorer this year, is a powerful tribute to those Arabs and their way of life. Based on Sir Wilfred's fantastic journeys across the Arabian Peninsula and the five incredible years he spent among the desert Arabs and the Bedouin -- he chooses to call them Bedu as they are known in Arabic -- it is easily the best work on the subject. He spent another seven years later in Iraq, from 1951 to 1958 which led to another book, The Marsh Arabs. Arabian Sands is one of the best books I've read and enjoyed in years -- absolutely riveting even for someone who often finds himself reading up to three to four books at the same time. Thesiger is no great writer. He is completely innocent of the little games that modern travel writers play to make their book a bestseller. His language is almost always matter-of-fact and tone dispassionate, although there are some flashes of the self-deprecating British humour here and there. Yet it remains a pioneering, trend-setting project for understanding the Arabs, especially Bedu, their lifestyle, culture and what makes them so different from the rest of humanity. What makes Thesiger so eminently readable and his work a reference point to generations of travellers and Middle East experts is his genuine empathy for his subject and passion for a region where time has stood still for thousands of years. Or at least, it did until the discovery of oil. While Muslims around the world hide a soft corner for Arabs in their hearts because of their association with the prophet, the Arabs' image around the world, especially in the West, is nothing to write home about. This is not a new phenomenon and has nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks or Sheikh Osama. The demonisation of Arabs and Muslims in Western literature and culture is as old as the Crusades. This is why Thesiger's love for Arabs and everything associated with them comes as a whiff of fresh air. For someone born and raised in the upper crest British society with the best of the best it offered, including an Oxford education, Thesiger's passion for the desert and nomadic lifestyle is fascinating. He gave up his career as the queen's pampered civil servant to fulfil his lifelong dream of exploring this ancient land. He is fascinated with the Bedu's nomadic lifestyle shorn of all luxuries that are taken for granted elsewhere. Even the barren, hostile landscape, endlessly romanticised in his books, gives him a high. Once, in 1946, Thesiger lay starving on a sand dune in the Empty Quarter for three days, waiting for his Bedu companions to bring back food and water and tortured by the hallucinations of cars and lorries that could carry him to safety. "No," he wrote later, "I would rather be here starving as I was than sitting in a chair, replete with food, listening to the wireless and dependent on cars to take me through Arabia." He became the first Westerner to cross the Empty Quarter, easily the most dangerous place on earth at the time, not once but twice. And several times during these crossings across the hundreds of miles of the waterless, lifeless landscape he and his companions had close encounters with death. Yet he returned to the pitiless desert again and again. He was one of those rarities who believe in enjoying the journey, rather than pining for the destination. The mystic explorer, who died in 2003, established a lifelong rapport with many Arab leaders including the late Sheikh Zayed. He stayed with the founding father of the UAE when Zayed was very young and hadn't taken over the reins of Abu Dhabi. His black and white portrait of Zayed on his favourite camel is not just a magnificent photograph but opens the window on a world and age being fast forgotten. He saw Abu Dhabi and Dubai when they had been little more than small fishing towns and had a population of 2,000 and 20,000 respectively. Thesiger loved the pre-oil Arabia also because it sheltered him from senseless industrialisation and mechanisation of Western lifestyle. He reserved the word "abomination" for cars, aeroplanes and everything else that came after the steam engine. He saw the Arabs as the guardians of tradition and culture passed down for centuries in the region: "All that is best in the Arabs came from the desert: their deep religious instinct, their sense of fellowship; their generosity and hospitality; their dignity and the regard which they have for the dignity of others as fellow human beings; their humour, their courage and patience, their language and their passionate love of poetry. But the Arabs are a race which produces its best only under extreme hardship and deteriorates progressively as living conditions become easier." This, written before the blessing or the curse of oil, perhaps explains the current state of the Arab world. Thesiger not just fell in love with the Arabs -- two of them, Bin Kabina and Bin Ghabaisha, constantly accompanying him and to whom the book is dedicated -- but also developed an enduring fascination for the faith that united and transformed the nomadic race as they swept out of Arabia "under the banner of Islam and carried all before them" including the Roman and Persian empires. Within a century after the ascent of Islam, "their rule extended from the Pyrenees and the shores of the Atlantic to the Indus and the borders of China. They had established an empire greater in extent than the Roman Empire." It's a miracle of history, Thesiger points out, that the desert Arabs with the power of their new faith, created a new civilisation, uniting into one society the incompatible cultures of the Mediterranean, Persia, India and Far East. He says: "Wherever I went among Muslims, whether it was in Nigeria or in China, I found much that was familiar to me in the pattern of their lives. If the civilisations of today were to disappear as completely as those of Babylon and Assyria, a school history book 2,000 years hence might devote a few pages to the Arabs and not even mention the United States of America." Will the Arabs ever rediscover the qualities and the glory that once conquered the world? I don't know but I wish this British love affair with Arabia would never end. * The writer is opinion editor of Khaleej Times.
