Saudi Arabia, whose late King Abdullah once urged the United States to "cut off the head of the snake" by attacking Iran's atomic program, has publicly welcomed a framework nuclear deal with Tehran, but in private mistrust remains deep. King Salman told U.S. President Barack Obama by phone on Thursday that he hoped a final settlement of the nuclear dispute would "strengthen the stability and security of the region and the world". However, many Saudis were concerned about the wider implications of the framework deal that Iran reached with six world powers on Thursday, intended to open the way for negotiating a final settlement by mid-year. "It's about verification. If they don't comply, the boycott will be re-imposed. This is a reassuring result," said a Gulf source close to official Saudi thinking, but added that Riyadh was still worried about Iran's role in the region. "Iran may think that as a result of this accord it is on the road to respectability," he said. The framework agreement reached in Lausanne curbs Iran's nuclear program for at least a decade and gradually lifts Western sanctions on the oil producer, but is contingent on reaching the final pact by June 30. The conservative Sunni Muslim kingdom regards revolutionary, Shi'ite Iran as its most dangerous foe. For over a week it has bombed Houthi militia which are allied to Tehran in Yemen, just one of the region's troublespots where the two back opposing sides. Riyadh has felt besieged by growing Iranian influence in Arab countries since the U.S. invasion of Iraq that toppled Sunni strongman Saddam Hussein in 2003, and regards the prospect of Tehran gaining a nuclear weapon as its ultimate nightmare. However, it is also intensely worried that a deal which lifts international pressure, including sanctions, on Iran, will allow the Islamic Republic more space to arm and finance proxies that Riyadh opposes in countries across the region. Arab leaders have been alarmed by Tehran's drive to expand its influence and tighten its grip through allied forces and militias on Arab states, from Iraq to Lebanon, and Syria to Yemen. Analysts say it is not so much an eventual nuclear settlement that is panicking the Gulf state and its Sunni allies, but rather they fear a U.S.-Iran rapprochement will further empower Tehran and encourage it to pursue a more assertive policy. Saudi media cautiously welcomed the framework deal. "It seems that Iran's dream to acquire nuclear weapons dissipated in the Swiss city of Lausanne yesterday," wrote the daily al-Watan newspaper, owned by a branch of the ruling family, on Friday. REASSURANCES A series of U.S. embassy cables released by WikiLeaks showed how many top Saudi princes, including the present Crown Prince Muqrin, believe Iran's leaders are bent on regional domination and cannot be trusted to stick to agreements. Riyadh believes Iran's backing for Hezbollah in Lebanon, President Bashar al-Assad in Syria, Shi'ite militias in Iraq and the Houthis in Yemen has destabilized the region and created the conditions in which jihadist Sunni groups could flourish. "It's not that we expect the West's relationship with Iran will be particularly cosy... It's more that a lifting of sanctions will help Iran, even if oil prices are weaker, and that this could embolden its behavior," said a Saudi businessman familiar with official thinking. Top princes have warned that Riyadh will seek the same terms for its own civilian nuclear plans that Tehran gets in its deal with world powers, and have also hinted that if Iran still manages to acquire a nuclear weapon, they will too. Saudi concerns about the deal had been raised by the way in which the talks that led to it were preceded by months of secret negotiations between Iran and the Obama administration in 2013, leaving Riyadh's princes blindsided. It contributed to Saudi fears that Washington was steadily disengaging from the Middle East as its energy imports from the region decreased, and that it could no longer be counted on to back old allies and police the activities of common foes. Obama addressed those concerns on Thursday with reassurances to Gulf Arab states that the deal would not affect Washington's opposition to Iran's behavior in the region, and a promise to invite them soon to Washington. "He said our disagreements with Iran on its political behavior and its using proxies to destabilize the region, that's still there. And the sanctions related to these differences will remain in place," said Khaled al-Dakhil, a political science professor in Riyadh. "If that's the case, as it looks now, then I believe the agreement will be acceptable to the Saudis," he added. However, popular opinion among many Saudis, who mostly follow the strict Wahhabi Sunni school that regards Shi'ism as heretical, is fervently opposed to Iran and many social media comments expressed that distrust of both Tehran and the West. "If the giant Satan (USA) strikes a deal with the younger Satan (Iran) then they will conspire against the patrons of Allah," said a Tweet from Khalid al-Dossary, a Saudi whose Twitter feed was filled with criticism about Shi'ite Islam.
