The BRICS countries held multiple high-level environmental conferences recently and have renewed their joint commitment to tackling climate change and promoting sustainable development. These countries, representing around 42 percent of the world population and one fifth of the global GDP, have laid a solid foundation for the international governance on climate change through concrete actions in carbon reduction and pragmatic cooperation for green growth. DETERMINED PRACTITIONERS FOR CARBON REDUCTION Attaching great importance to addressing climate change, the BRICS countries have set concrete goals based on national circumstances and achieved notable progress in reducing carbon emissions. On the basis of exceeding the 2020 climate action goal promised to the international community, China has further announced the goal and vision of striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. By 2021, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had plunged 26.2 percent from 2012. The country's installed capacity of renewable energy had topped 1 billion kilowatts, and it had contributed a quarter of the newly-added afforestation area globally. To advance low-carbon development, China has set up the "1+N" policy framework for carbon peak and carbon neutrality, is developing large wind power and photovoltaic bases with total installed capacity of 450 million kilowatts, and will actively build a national carbon market. Fully committed to combating the adverse impacts of climate change, Brazil has increased its mitigation ambition, setting a new target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent by 2030 from the 2005 levels. It has also decided to eliminate illegal deforestation by 2028, restore and plant 18 million hectares of forests by 2030, and launched a national program for reducing methane emissions. Adhering to the principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, Russia has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, promoting a substantial restructuring of its industrial and energy sectors. It plans to increase the utilization of associated gas and introduce a large-scale program related to ecological modernization and energy efficiency in all sectors. It is also building infrastructure for the production of hydrogen to be used as a raw material and energy carrier. India has announced to reduce its carbon intensity by 45 percent by 2030 and realize net-zero emissions by 2070. It has also launched a project to generate hydrogen from green energy sources in order to provide alternatives for fossil fuels and has increased the coverage rate of afforestation areas to 24.62 percent. Like other BRICS countries, South Africa has developed a long-term strategy for green growth. The country has promised to bring forward the peaking of emissions by a decade and is working on detailed plans to enable a just transition to a low-carbon economy and climate-resilient society. "BRICS countries, as an important force in addressing climate change, have contributed their share to global climate response," said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin. ACTIVE PARTNERS FOR GREEN, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH At the recent BRICS High-level Meeting on Climate Change, a joint statement was issued, urging all parties to adhere to multilateralism and focus on concrete climate actions. The statement emphasized that developed countries should take the lead in scaling up mitigation actions and ambition and provision of climate financing, and respect the right to development and policy space of developing countries as well as countries in transition.
