JAKARTA: The blue water, marine life and the art of diving have been instrumental in Indonesia's push to become a top tourism country globally. But with a new report published by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, coral reefs on the country's coasts are disappearing, and fast. According to the new study, which monitored reefs in 77 regions across the archipelago, 70 percent of the coral is either damaged or destroyed, highlighting an immediate need to bolster the country's natural marine ecosystems. Only 30 percent of coral reefs in Indonesia were in “good condition,” the report stated. It continued to say that 37 percent have “low levels of damage, while a third are severely damaged.” Reef damage in the country has been identified to be caused by a number of factors, including explosive fishing, mining waste and bleaching driven by global warming. The report comes after an international marine ecology conference in Australia said that coral reefs were under massive threat across the Asia-Pacific region. As much as 90 percent of Asia's “Coral Triangle" is at risk, and the perpetrators putting it in danger are humans. Activities such as coastal development, pollution, overfishing and other coastal endeavors are causing the degradation of the massive coral reefs that encompass Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, The Solomon Islands, and East Timor and contain nearly 30 percent of the world's reefs and more than 3,000 species of fish, a new report published on Monday said. That report, revealed at the International Coral Reef Symposium in Cairns, said the threat was “substantially more than the global average of 60 percent" and called for governments in the region to push forward on greater efforts to reduce destructive fishing and run-off from land. “When these threats are combined with recent coral bleaching, prompted by rising ocean temperatures, the percent of reefs rated as threatened increases to more than 90 percent," the report said. More than 130 million people living in the region rely on reef ecosystems for food, employment, and revenue from tourism, according to “Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle." “Across the Coral Triangle region, coastal communities depend on coral reefs for food, livelihoods, and protection from waves during storms, but the threats to reefs in this region are incredibly high," said lead author Lauretta Burke at the meeting. “Reefs are resilient – they can recover from coral bleaching and other impacts – particularly if other threats are low. “The benefits reefs provide are at risk, which is why concerted action to mitigate threats to reefs across the Coral Triangle region is so important." The report by the World Resources Institute, in collaboration with environmental groups WWF, The Nature Conservancy and Conservation International, will be used by the 6 countries to develop their management of the reefs. “(The report) is an important contribution for supporting the six Coral Triangle countries in making critical decisions related to protecting their marine resources," said Maurice Knight, a contributing author. “The region-wide perspective on the status of coral reefs as depicted in this report demonstrates the urgency of the situation and the need for immediate action."
