While disappointed with the slow pace of change in Washington, Arabs still prefer Obama to his predecessor, writes James Zogby* One year ago, President Barack Obama travelled to Cairo to deliver what was billed as an "address to the Muslim world". Obama understood that after eight years of neglectful and/or reckless Bush administration policies in the Middle East, it was important to signal a change in direction to the people of that region. The speech, which focussed on shared problems, shared misconceptions and shared goals, elicited a near euphoric response from most officials and editorial writers across the Arab world. The reactions of the Arab public, on the other hand, though positive, were more tempered and nuanced. From polls we conducted throughout the president's first year and a half in office, we have observed clear evidence of an "Obama bounce" in Arab public opinion. It began with his election and peaked with the Cairo address. A year ago, when these initial polls were released, I noted that what Obama had accomplished was the restoration of "Brand America". On one level, the impact of eight years of George W Bush had been erased. Strong majorities still held overall negative views of America and American policies in Palestine, Iraq and the treatment of Muslims and Arabs worldwide. But there were marked improvements in attitudes towards the American people, culture, values, and products, with favourable ratings in all these areas back at pre- Bush levels. And while Obama was personally viewed favourably, and there was some degree of confidence that the new president would work to make needed policy changes, this was not an opinion shared by a majority of Arabs. Our polling established that the factors driving this complex but overall positive swing in Arab attitudes were varied. First and foremost among these factors was the very election of Barack Hussein Obama. From pre-election polling in the region, we knew that Arabs had followed the tumultuous US contest and were acutely aware of the profound change represented by the American people's rejection of the policies of the Bush era and the historic nature of their choice of an African American to lead the country. Arabs were also moved by the new president's repudiation of torture, his decisions to close Guantanamo and to leave Iraq, the immediate attention he gave to resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the early and dramatic outreach Obama made to the Arab and Muslim peoples, beginning with his Al-Arabiya interview and culminating with the Cairo address. But as our polls made clear, there was also a deep- seated and well-founded wariness that after decades of hopes betrayed and promises broken, as some respondents told us, "no US president can change American policy." It was this view that received some validation in the months after Cairo as the White House appeared to pull the plug on whatever expectations of change had taken hold. Disappointment over the US's backtracking on the call for a "complete settlement freeze" was compounded by Washington's quick and flat out rejection of the Goldstone Report on crimes committed during the January 2009 Gaza War. Guantanamo was not closed and then following a failed attempt to down a US airliner on Christmas Day 2009, the White House announced plans to target all passengers travelling from or through 14 mostly Arab and Muslim countries. This set off a wave of indignation across the Middle East, with editorials in even some pro-American papers questioning whether anything had changed in Washington. To be fair, from the earliest days of his presidency, Obama had cautioned that making change would be slow and uneven. Comparing government to a huge ocean liner he observed that it could not be turned on a dime. Progress would be slow, mistakes would be made, and change could only be measured over time. And to give credit where due, the administration has, in some areas, reasserted itself and changed course, most notably in the effort to halt Israeli construction in occupied Jerusalem and in scrapping the 14-country screening plan. Our most recent polling suggests that an "Obama bounce" is still in evidence. Arabs remain wary about US Middle East policy and sceptical about the administration's ability to be even-handed in the pursuit of Israeli-Palestinian peace. Favourable attitudes towards the president, himself, are down somewhat, but the overall ratings Arabs give to American culture, values, its people and products remain high. In this regard, it is fair to say that Arab attitudes one year after Cairo are both cautious and mature. They are neither unrealistically hopeful nor excessively deflated. Arabs are still waiting for needed change and are open to recognise it when it comes. * The writer is president of the Arab American Institute.
