It was a warm afternoon. A large crowd gathered in front of the Midan Theatre, outside the Hanager Arts Centre. Young people from many walks of life flocked to the Opera House grounds to attend the Bollywood dance workshop, the first event of India by the Nile. Hundreds of enthusiastic attendees chitchatted on the lawns and the empty area in front of the Hanager; everyone seemed excited and anxious, waiting for the dance instructor Gilles Chuyen, the India-based French choreographer, to take the stage and lead the crowd through the simple moves where basic footsteps and hand gestures were spiced up with hip sways. In its third edition, which kicked off on 30 March (and continues until 16 April), the India by the Nile festival continues to enchant Egyptian audiences with a photogenic radiance unique to India. Back in 2013, Azar A. H. Khan, the former director of the Maulana Azad Centre, put it well: “Egyptians are very receptive to Indian culture.” It goes without saying that a festival such as India by the Nile can only benefit from, invest in and additionally boost this tendency. Indian culture of course remains equally attractive to countless worldwide spectators who find themselves caught in the spell of one or another of its layers. Nine distinctive classical dance traditions, thousands of years of music and architecture, scores of painting and sculpture schools, crafts, inimitable cuisine and spiritual teachings must have something for everyone. India is after all a country with population of 1.3 billion, 20 official languages and over 120 others in active use, dozens of customs and many religions. All this forms a reservoir of stunning wealth, but while there is so much to choose from, the majority of India's fans turn their eye tothe Bollywood Empire, comprising over 1,000 films from Mumbai, a city filled with superstars, music and dance. This year, the India by the Nile organisers capitalised on Egypt's seemingly inexhaustible thirst for Bollywood. Bollywood stepped into Cairo with a dance flash mob at Cairo Airport, followed by workshops with Chuyen, screenings of Indian movies and a visit by the megastar Amitabh Bachchan. On that first afternoon at the Midan Theatre, many cheerful attendees came wearing colourful scarves and skirts, demonstrating their own understanding of Indian traditional clothing. Some even marked their foreheads with a bindi. All roared, moving frantically towards Chuyen, disregarding the fact that crowding would hamper their dance movements. It took Chuyen several minutes to convince the exuberant attendees to create spaces between one another. In the midst of this highly frenzied atmosphere, the choreographer began by addressing the workshop participants; soon, however, he turned his face and body towards the rows of journalists and photographers packed upstage, most of the time giving his back to the audience. Surprisingly no one seemed bothered by the event's setup or the Chuyen's back. Worshipping Bollywood unconditionally, everyone just repeated the moves. A few conversations with the aspiring dancers prior to the event revealed that many of them were still students. The workshop did see a few older participants: one man who introduced himself as a secondary school teacher was so carried away he began singing a Bollywood film song, repeating the words of a language he doesn't understand. This was only the beginning of the Bollywood frenzy that took control of the Egyptian audiences for a few consecutive days. In its third edition, India by the Nile's regular show, directed by Sanjoy Roy, with Chuyen's choreography, carried a fiery title, Bollywood Extravaganza: A Tale of Passion, Love and Revenge, which lured the audiences of Cairo and Alexandria. Once again, hundreds of attendees flocked to the Cairo Opera House, where they were rewarded with a vibrant and loud, almost deafening extravaganza of colours, costumes, singing and dance. Two visits to the Cairo Opera were enough to understand how the attendees craved and enjoyed the shows. Providing sheer entertainment to some and a mind-numbing sensation to others, the show remained without artistic depth or intellectual stimulation. SPECTACLE: As much as the power of Bollywood astonishes, it remains an example of spectacle, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary “something exhibited to view as unusual, notable, or entertaining; especially: an eye-catching or dramatic public display”. In a series of “pocketbooks” titled Spectacular Times: Images and Everyday Life and published in the 1970s, Larry Law, noted, “The spectacle offers the image and never the reality. It is form without substance. Like a good entertainer it is, it leaves you wanting more. It does not satisfy. It cannot satisfy. It offers only a dream of satisfaction. The dreams are dreamt and found wanting.” Law's notes are in a way a simplified translation of Guy Debord's much heavier and deeper The Society of the Spectacle, a precursor of the Situationalist International movement. In this philosophical work, Debord discusses the concept of a spectacle in its wider economic and socio-political contexts, and reaches the conclusion that the decline of society is based on its direct dependence on mere representations (the core component of any political, ideological or cultural spectacle). Looking at the development of modern society, Debord warned against biopolitics and the growing totalitarian enslavement of minds, a phenomenon that has metastised across all life's sectors. Today, deeply incarnated by modern societies, the power of spectacle has transformed the world economically and redirected human attention to values generated by the image, though Debord explains, “The spectacle is not a collection of images; rather, it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images.” The perceptible world is “replaced by a set of images that are superior to that world yet at the same time impose themselves as eminently perceptible.” In a world dominated by commodity fetishism, Debord's followers and adversaries were and continue to be confused by his prophesies, calling him an anti-communist Marxist, a paranoid rhetorician, a usurper, a Baroque aesthete, an aristocratic frondist, a moralist, a punk rock initiator or even a prophet. But whatever your view of Debord, one fact remains: when he published The Society of the Spectacle back in 1967, he could not have known that, almost half a century later, many of his claims would remain valid. Whether it is politicians addressing the nations with the illusion of a free and open world led by an interactive environment, pompous openings of sports events, fashion and music industry, or the craze of Hollywood or Bollywood, it is still a spectacle successfully manipulating a consumerist society. “[By] gaining its independence, culture [embarked] on an imperialistic career of self-enrichment that was at the same time the beginning of the decline of its independence. The spectacle, whose function it is to bury history in culture, presses the pseudonovelty of its modernist means into the service of a strategy that defines it in the profoundest sense... All of which shows how general project of advanced capitalism is translated onto the plane of spectacular pseudoculture that project being the remolding of the fragmented worker into ‘a personality well integrated into the group'.” Thus Debord, summing up. And thus the Bollywod workshop at the Midan Theatre. Surrounded by hundreds, you attend the Extravaganza and, without having to exert any physical or intellectual effort, you immerse your body and mind into a spectacle. The mind is soothed, the emotions pampered, and the global mechanism of spectacle watches, satisfied. Cultural festivals often incorporate spectacles, and India by the Nile uses Bollywood to generate interest in its many other components: the size of the audience at literary discussions and classical dance performances testifies to the success of this strategy. Last year I had the opportunity to interview, the festival director Sanjoy Roy, who also heads Teamwork Arts, the company that organises India by the Nile and dozens of other festivals in India and internationally. Roy revealed that the secret of a successful festival lies in the organisers' ability to make the whole experience worthwhile. It's not about singular events but “this particular experience, colours, people, crowd, intellectual discourse – all this makes the whole journey unique”. Commenting on last year's Bollywood show, Roy said, ”The sellers, the wedding procession, music, interaction between the storyteller and the audience, people buzzing around... It's not a stage show only but an experience. Maybe it's a stage show by accident.” Faithful to his mission, and capitalising on Egyptians' particular “receptiveness”, Roy once again applied his theory, and the result is an unprecedented number of attendees. Among those it is interesting to note that there are established groups of young Bollywood aficionados who practice the dance on a regular basis. A hybrid of traditional Indian folk dances such as Kathak and Bharatanatyam and Western forms, the Bollywood dance has been increasingly overshadowed by jazz, hip-hop, even Oriental or as we saw in the Extravaganza Latin dance elements. Bollywood is not afraid of any mixture. It is ready to reach out to all genres. ILLUSIONS: India by the Nile's Bollywood element did not stop at the dance workshop and the show, however. In fact, this year the organisers outdid themselves by inviting to Egypt the biggest star in the Mumbai film industry: the one and only Amitabh Bachchan. Often described as the Big B, Bachchan evokes in my mind the significance of the letter “B” in Western classical music, with the well known Three Bs: Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. Though India's “B” operates in completely different dimensions, I'd risk saying that Bachchan's status equals the big sum of the importance given by the Western world to the Three Bs taken together. Known to millions of fans in India and across the globe, Bachchan's appearance anywhere generates instant and extreme frenzy, an agitation that can be compared to the Beatlemania that swept the world in the 1960s. With the Indian population almost worshipping the actor, Egyptian fans (who also number millions) are no less expressive of their love. The acclaimed superstar of the millennium's career kicked off in the late 1960s, first as a voice narrator and an extra. His breakthrough took place in 1971 with the Indian drama Anand (The Bliss), which paved the way to such films as Zanjeer (Chains, 1973) and Deewar (The Walls, 1975). The angry young man, as his typical character was described by media, Bachchan stepped into the industry just as the Bollywood romance was fading. He made an unprecedented impact in India as well as internationally. In 1982, he suffered a nearly fatal injury on the set of the action comedy Coolie. Time stopped. His hospitalisation was met with nation-wide disbelief, with fans praying in mosques, churches and Hindu temples, offering sacrifices to the saints and erecting shrines to the actor's name, covering the cities with banners that wished him a speedy recovery. The Big B recovered. However in the following years he decided to take a break from acting and redirected his attention to politics, becoming a member of parliament; together with his wife Jaya he founded Bachchan Corporation Ltd., an initiative that failed financially. These experiences forced him back to his true calling, and he made a comeback in the 2000s. In over four decades of acting, Bachchan has appeared in 150 films, garnering numerous awards as Best Actor. Most recently, he was awarded for his service to the nation with the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award in India. During his career, Bachchan visited Egypt a few times for movie shoots. This time he was invited by the Embassy of India as the festival's guest of honour. Bachchan's visit has been highly promoted by both the Indian Embassy in Egypt and the media in both countries. The Big B also expressed his happiness to visit the cradle of civilisation in his virtual communication with fans. With 20 million followers on Facebook and 14 million on Twitter, at the age of 72 Bachchan is India's most Internet-active movie star. In Egypt, he is especially popular with the generation who watched his movies in the 1970s and 1980s, when they were screened at the local cinemas, demonstrating the long history of friendship, mutual support and trade connections between India and Egypt, the alliance between Tito-Nasser-Nehru and later the famed Non-Aligned Movement. It was at this time that the Egyptian population developed its love for Bollywood. Today, the distant love story is rekindled and extended to other aspects of Indian culture with each Bollywood film screened. It is not hard to understand this unconditional passion for India's movies. Mumbai's stars keep opening the doors to escapism, luring viewers into a world of fantasy, romance, heroic dreams, bravery and thrills, all of which help the population forget its daily worries. Praised in India, understandably Bachchan is also the hero of the large segment of the Egyptian population. On this visit he was greeted very warmly: Cairo's Academy of Arts granted him its Honorary Doctorate and his fans demonstrated a high level of hysteria on several occasions. The press conference that took place on 31 March morning turned into chaos as screaming journalists crammed in to catch a glimpse of Bachchan, failing to hear – in fact not even trying to listen to – much of what he had to say. However, emotions were better controlled later in the day when at the Cairo Opera Main Hall the star had an interesting discussion about his life and work with the renowned Indian journalist Sidhart Bhatia. The meeting unveiled a man deeply in love with the phenomenon called cinema, humble, grateful for all the wonders that life brought his way, and even appreciative of failure as an important part of the learning process. He mentioned many directors who “helped me become who I am today” and kept thanking the attendees for their love. “After so many decades, you still have the same regard and affection towards me and I thank you very much for that,” he began. He went on to elaborate on the power of Bollywood, pointing out how the question of its popularity keeps returning in all conversations and how as a very young boy he asked his father the same question. Moving between his father's words and his own analysis, Bachchan explained that Bollywood's secret lies in its attractive stories which cater to the emotions, speaking of ordinary people's lives and passions. While people find themselves in the Bollywood characters they also find in them their dreams. “Many Bollywood movies talk about simple people and how they grow to prominence, how they succeed in social circles or country, how they manage to challenge the establishments,” Bachchan said, drawing a number of parallels between the attributes and “common emotions” that characterise the Indian and Egyptian nation and hence make them particularly responsive to Bollywood. “I sit here. I'm almost an alien, I speak a different language. But the language of cinema is very strong and you do not need to know that language to be able to understand what's going on. Egypt is a wonderful example of that. And despite the fact that I'm practically an alien, you still follow the movies, enjoy the stories, and listen to the music... This is what makes our cultures so close one to the other. “Technically there has also been a lot of improvement and we have access to some of the latest technology,” he went on. “Also today, life became fast paced and an exchange of information is very fast. The filmmaking in India has become relevant to that speed. The fact that in India we have now almost 800 television channels allows people to see the products that are all around the world including those coming from the West and those which could be more superior and we immediately want to follow them,” Bachchan said, stressing the factors that trigger constant development of India's film industry. But even the best rose has its thorns. In the enumeration of superlatives, the Big B did not forget to draw attention to some of the pitfalls of Bollywood. “The sanctity of poetry and the word has been lost a bit on the way,” he noted, hastening to add that the cinema always reflects what is happening in the society at large. With a long career of cinematic achievements and scores of memorable roles, Bachchan looks with optimism to the new generation in the film industry: “They are very confident, they know exactly what they want to do, what kind of cinema they want to make, who they want to work with. It is this energy of confidence that is so attractive to them. They have different ideas, they approach subjects which perhaps were not so popular in the world of cinema. Equally, audiences have changed and many depart from the typical escapism cinema that dominated India's 1960s, 1970s. Now many people in India want to see something different, perhaps something that is a bit closer to reality...” Whenever he is approached by a young filmmaker, Bachchan added, he feels particularly honoured. As the discussion came to the close, Bachchan stood up and many of the attendees stormed the stage, a few jumping over the Opera's chairs, to greet the Big B. Bachchan presided over the official opening of India by the Nile at the Pyramids, and on the following days a number of his movies were screened. With Bollywood making a huge impact on the Egyptian audience, until 16 April, India by the Nile will be offering interesting events and artistic experiences targeting different tastes and expectations.
