Female athletes challenge Saudi Muslim norms

Behind concrete walls and out of sight of men, Saudi women wearing shorts and short-sleeve shirts meet three times a week to play soccer in an all-female club in Saudi Arabia's port city of Jeddah

Cheering them on is Jeddah King's United coach and striker Reema Abdullah, who also is leading a campaign in the ultra-conservative Muslim country to allow women to participate in sports and compete internationally.
Saudi Arabia has never sent a woman to compete in the Olympics. Human rights groups say the country is violating the International Olympic Committee charter's pledge of equality.
In a report Wednesday, Human Rights Watch called on the IOC to require that Saudi Arabia's participation in the London Olympics be contingent upon the Arab country allowing all girls and women to play competitive sports.
Saudi Arabia's male athletes have so far qualified in several track and field and equestrian events for the London Games. There's a chance male athletes also will qualify in archery and they are hoping for a wild card invitation in shooting.
However, plans to send women to the Olympics remain wrapped in secrecy.
“We will watch the London Olympics and we will cheer for our men competing there, hoping that someday we can root for our women as well,” Abdullah told The Associated Press in a telephone interview from Jeddah.
“When Saudi women get a chance to compete for their country, they will raise the flag so high,” the 33-year-old Abdullah said. “Women can achieve a lot, because we are very talented and we are crazy about sports.”
Since Abdullah put together Saudi Arabia's first female soccer club in Jeddah in 2006, teams have popped up around the country, including in the capital, Riyadh, and in Dammam, the biggest city in the oil-rich eastern province.
In 2008, seven female teams played in the first ever national tournament as part a clandestine and segregated women's league. Abdullah's Jeddah King's United finished first.
Members of the team play not in a stadium but on what Abdullah describes as “a proper size football field with grass that is surrounded by a wall.”
The current roster includes 35 women, as young as 13 and up to 35. Outside the segregated premises, the players wear long trousers, long-sleeved shirts and specially designed head scarves to cover their hair, Abdullah said.
What they are doing is illegal, even though there are no written laws in Saudi Arabia that ban and restrict women from participating in sports. The stigma of female athletes is rooted in conservative traditions and religious views that hold giving freedom of movement to women would make them vulnerable to sins.
Saudi women bear the brunt of their nation's deeply conservative values, often finding themselves the target of the unwanted attention of the kingdom's religious police, who enforce a rigid interpretation of Islamic Shariah law on the streets and public places like shopping malls and university campuses.
“Nobody is saying completely `no' to us,” Abdullah said, adding that only a fraction of Saudi Arabia's female population—attending all-female private schools and universities—is generally tolerated to participate in sports.
“As long as there are no men around and our clothes are properly Islamic, there should be no problem,” she said.
But there is a problem and a senior sports official, who said rulers in the kingdom are not opposed to women's participation in sports, described efforts to include more girls and women into sports as “a fight between old and new” attitudes.
“We are supporting women here to be in sports but that means fighting deeply entrenched traditions in Saudi Arabia,” the official said in a phone interview Wednesday. “We are trying to overcome them and we are seeking support from the IOC to have a woman in our delegation at the London Games.”
The official spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue.
The IOC has previously criticized the Saudis for failing to send women athletes to the Olympics. However, according to Human Rights Watch, the IOC hasn't attached any conditions to the nation's participation in the games.
In Wednesday's report, the New York-based group said that Saudi government restrictions put sports beyond the reach of almost all women in the Gulf nation.
There is no physical education for girls in public schools and no money allocated for women's sports in the country's institutions, including the youth ministry, the Saudi national Olympic committee and Saudi sports federations.
“It's not that Saudi Arabia doesn't have the money to do this or women who want to,” said Christoph Wilcke, author of the 51-page report titled “Steps of the Devil” and a senior researcher in Human Rights Watch's Middle East and North Africa division. “We have listened to Saudi promises for decades. This is not good enough.”
The report's name comes from the comments of some powerful Saudi clerics who oppose sport as “steps of the devil” that would lead women to un-Islamic behavior and moral corruption.
Saudi Arabia's Persian Gulf neighbor, Qatar, and Brunei also have never sent a women to the Olympics. Oil-rich Qatar, which like Saudi Arabia follows a strict version of Islam, has been feverishly working to escape the stigma that comes with failing to include women.
Doha's bid for the 2020 Olympics has added the pressure to include women on Qatar's team in London. The country's sports officials emphasize huge efforts and considerable resources they've invested into changing mindsets that led to Qatari women competing in international tournaments for the past three years, including the 2010 Youth Olympics in Singapore.
Very slowly, some changes are also taking place in Saudi Arabia, said Lina Almaeena, a basketball player in Jeddah. Her team, established in 2003, has 16 women. They rent a gym in one of the city's private universities for women to play three times a week.
“Five, six years ago women in sports was a taboo,” Almaeena said in a phone interview. “Now we are on TV and in the newspapers all the time because the interest is high since there are so many health problems women and the society is facing.”
The IOC charter states that sports are a right for everyone and bans discrimination in practicing sports on the basis of gender.
“The IOC strives to ensure the Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement are universal and non-discriminatory, in line with the Olympic Charter and our values of respect, friendship and excellence,” IOC spokesman Mark Adams said in a statement.
“NOCs (national Olympic committees) are encouraged to uphold that spirit in their delegations. The IOC does not give ultimatums nor deadlines, but rather believes that a lot can be achieved through dialogue.”
As a result of talks, Adams said Saudi Arabia included a female equestrian, Dalma Rushdi Malhas, in the country's delegation to the 2010 Youth Olympics. Malhas won a bronze medal in show jumping in Singapore, Saudi Arabia's first ever medal at an Olympic event for a female athlete.
Malhas may be invited to participate in the London Games by the international equestrian federation, and Saudi's national Olympic committee has indicated it won't interfere if she is invited.
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