The security situation in Sinai is in a constant state of flux. Recently, there was an assault on a police patrol, in an ambush by armed attackers, which left three police officers dead. There was also a failed attempt to assassinate a police inspector. This implies that attackers are now targeting the police as well as the army. Several sources in Sinai said it appears to be a vendetta? The ministers of defence and interior went to Sinai last week and saw beefed up military security guarding state institutions, including police stations, governorate offices and courts. After a brief ten-minute meeting, the Minister of Defence left the governorate and the Minister of Interior announced that Security Chief Major General Ahmed Bakr was fired and his deputy Major General Sameeh Bashadi was to replace him. Meanwhile, units at road blocks were issued upgraded automatic weapons. The military deployment that accompanied the ministers' visit was evident. The Minister of Defence made a brief speech to a group of soldiers saying: "We will not compromise on protecting this valuable part of our country", and urged the military to cooperate with their police counterparts. Military spokesman Staff Brigadier General Ahmed Mohamed Ali denied that Sinai was declared a military zone or that a curfew was in place. Ali said that security conditions in North Sinai have now returned to normal and the police are working at full capacity with the armed forces to ensure the state's security and sovereignty over the territory. He added that the visit by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the Minister of Military Production, as well as the Minister of Defence last week is clear evidence of this. Sinai-based activist Islam Quweidar rejected the impression promoted by the military spokesman that conditions are stable, saying that there is no evidence that this is true. "Sinai is lost," he said. "The troubles are now beyond what we would describe as aggravated. There is no security and the situation is much more dangerous than one can imagine. If security agencies and the presidency continue to deal with Sinai in this way, then a second revolution will occur in Sinai. Armed groups have reached out beyond the regions they traditionally operate in such as Al-Arish and Sheikh Zoweid, and their training ground in Gabal Al-Halal. They have now penetrated other regions. "The simple citizen in Sinai is terrified of deadly attacks on a police patrol; how have security agencies not chased the culprits down, or barricaded any town or village they go to? They kidnap tribal leaders, local magistrates, and fire at random in downtown streets." Quweidar is suspicious of information disseminated by agencies and the state to reassure society. "We met with the governor on Sunday with a number of activists," he said. "The governor told me that the tunnels [between Gaza and Egypt] were completely sealed, which annoyed me and irritated others at the meeting. I responded that I was an eye witness to a deal between a young Palestinian and someone in charge of a tunnel. They reached an agreement for passage in return for a sum of money. There are 1,300 tunnels still operating and no one believes they were shut down." Activists refuse to accept Camp David as the excuse why the state is ignoring Sinai, as stated by Sinai-based activist Mossaad Abu Fagr. Instead, he believes that a constitution that is for all Egyptians, and not just based on the unilateral vision of a group ruling Egypt, will be better for Sinai. "Before cancelling Camp David, Egypt needs to deploy 250,000 soldiers in Sinai. Can we do that?" asked Abu Fagr. “President Mohamed Morsi's policies are equivalent to assassinating the state. Instead, he should have drawn up a political vision for Sinai." “Some LE49 billion was earmarked for Sinai, collected from inside and outside Egypt, under Hosni Mubarak, but it drowned in the desert," Abu Fagr said. Major General Ahmed Ali Bilal, a military expert, also refused to believe all is well or that it is a superficial crisis. “On the contrary, the crisis is being exported outside Sinai; it is obvious that the Nasr City cell [a group the security forces claim is preparing for terrorist attacks in Sinai] is part of this extension," Bilal said. Militant cell members are currently being interrogated, confirmed Bilal, adding that then CIA director David Petraeus visited Cairo last week, implying that there is increasing cooperation between the US and Egypt in regards to security. Meanwhile, Islamist organisations who have renounced violence years ago, as well as their leaders who have recently been released from prisons, have refused to put everyone in the same light, refraining from hurling accusations at their counterparts in Sinai. Tarek Al-Zomor, a leading figure in Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya, told a German news agency that he does not believe jihad groups will make a comeback because Egypt's people revolution has created new conditions and practices that exclude armed Islamist violence. Al-Zomor admitted that there are Salafist and jihadist groups in Sinai, but noted that they had announced they are committed to the laws of the land and will not rise up against Morsi even if they disagree with him. Any one of them who commits a crime or carries arms should be put on trial, he opined. A security expert who is involved in investigations of these groups told Ahram Online it is important to make a distinction between the role of groups that renounced violence, and the new groups. He noted that the latter is unlike those who emerged during the era of Al-Jihad and Al-Gamaa Al-Islamiya. The older leaders, including Al-Zomor, thought they could play a new role on renouncing violence with the newer groups, but these dialogues failed. This implies that confrontation must then come from the state, and the notion of dialogue through those who still champion the ideologies of the 1980s and 1990s is unrealistic. Bilal believes that events in Sinai are the result of security policies under previous regimes, but what is worse is that these policies continue today. Activists in Sinai agree, saying that police detectives and former senior security officers have returned to their posts and continue to practice these same policies. Ahram
