June 2013 29: Tamarod campaign that called rallies for 30 June demonstrations announced that more than 22 million had signed a petition demanding Mohamed Morsi's resignation as president and early presidential elections. On the other side, Muslim Brotherhood leaders called on supporters to join a Rabaa Al-Adawiya sit-in in Nasr City. Western capitals called on all parties to reach a compromise. 30: Massive numbers of Egyptians, estimated to be around 33 million, took to the streets nationwide, determined to oust Morsi on the anniversary of his turbulent first year in power. According to military sources, it was considered the biggest protest in Egypt's history. Clashes erupted with pro-Morsi demonstrators; the Health Ministry says at least 16 people died. Morsi failed to persuade police to protect the Muslim Brotherhood's headquarters in Cairo's Muqattam district and hence protesters set fire to it after its looting. As a result of the pressure ratcheted up by the president to yield to the opposition's demands, spokesmen for the president held press conferences to convey a message of resilience in the face of the demonstrations. July 2013 1: Tamarod gave Morsi a one-day deadline to quit or face civil disobedience. From the presidential side, Morsi's office rebuffed the army's ultimatum; his stance was supported by the Muslim Brotherhood who insisted that it was not bowing to the demands of the street and insisted on the democratic right of the elected president to continue his term in office. The Minister of Defence Abdel-Fattah Al-Sisi and Morsi met extensively, but no compromise was reached As a result, Al-Sisi announced a 48-hour ultimatum to the president to bow to the demands of the opposition. Massive numbers of demonstrators took to the streets to celebrate the intervention of Al-Sisi. Muslim Brotherhood leaders continued on calling their supporters to join their sit-in in Nahda Square in Giza and in Nasr City supporting legitimacy. At night, the presidency announced it had received support from the White House against a possible “coup”, but later the White House denied the assertion. 2: Morsi held talks with Al-Sisi, while at the same time the opposition chose Mohamed Al-Baradei to represent them in talks called for by the army. Elsewhere, clashes between the rival sides left 23 dead, including 16 killed by gunmen at a pro-Morsi rally despite the high alert of army and police forces. The cabinet of prime minister Hisham Kandil offered its resignation to the president as the army called on the president to transfer his authority to a new prime minister, who would then assemble a bureaucratic cabinet that would take over the start of a transitional phase for one year to 18 months. The army was still waiting for the president to either agree to make a televised statement to the nation to announce the transfer of power to a new prime minister or to decline and make way for the army to announce details of the transition. At the same time, huge masses took to the streets to re-emphasise demands for Morsi to step down and for a new transitional phase. 3: As the army deadline passed, Al-Sisi ousted Morsi, who was placed in detention, and declared the head of the Supreme Constitutional Court Adli Mansour as caretaker president. In addition, Al-Sisi froze the Islamist-drafted constitution and announced the holding of early presidential elections. Nevertheless, Morsi emphasised in a pre-recorded speech that he is Egypt's elected president, denouncing the move as “a coup”. Ten people were killed in clashes and security forces imposed a travel ban on Morsi and several top Islamist allies. 4: Supreme Constitutional Court Chief Justice Mansour is sworn in as interim president. Overnight clashes brought the overall casualty toll to around 57 dead. In Rabaa Al-Adawiya, pro-Morsi supporters continued mobilising the crowds. 5: Caretaker President Mansour dissolved the Islamist-dominated upper house of parliament. Muslim Brotherhood members and sympathisers rallied across Egypt for what they dubbed a “Friday of Rejection”, demanding the reinstatement of Morsi as president. Clashes erupted between pro-Morsi protesters and residents of Al-Manial. At least 36 were killed and more than 1,000 injured. Jihadists reportedly attacked a police station and military airbase in the North Sinai governorate, as well as the governorate headquarters, resulting in casualties on both sides. Meanwhile, leaders of Tamarod and the National Salvation Front urged demonstrators to “protect their revolutionary legitimacy” and resist unnamed “foreign forces” and supporters of Morsi who might stage a “counter-revolution” in Egypt. Police also announced the arrest of Khairat Al-Shater, the Muslim Brotherhood's second man. 6: Al-Baradei was reportedly appointed prime minister by Interim President Mansour, over the objections of Islamists. The announcement of Al-Baradei's appointment was later retracted, with a spokesman for the president saying no decision had been made on whether Al-Baradei or somebody else would be named prime minister. Moreover, Ahmed Doma, a dissident jailed for insulting Morsi and inciting violence against the Muslim Brotherhood during protests earlier in the year, was released from custody pending a court verdict. Meanwhile, clashes continued in the Sinai Peninsula, with a Coptic Christian priest shot to death by masked gunmen. Pro-Morsi supporters continued their occupation of Nasr City, a suburb of Cairo, demanding the reinstatement of the former president. 7: Negotiations continued over the prime ministerial appointment, with reports suggesting the Nour Party had objected to Al-Baradei's appointment and representatives of the Tamarod movement continuing to push for it. Meanwhile, Mohamed Badie, the Brotherhood's supreme guide, delivered a speech to supporters in Nasr City, accusing coup leaders of “flagrant violations against the Egyptian people”. Those opposed to the rule of Morsi mobilised for another day of rallying in Tahrir Square. 8: The Ministry of Health announced 51 pro-Morsi demonstrators dead and 435 injured during confrontations with Republican Guard forces. The military spokesman accused the supporters of possessing weapons targeting the forces in front of the Republican Guard headquarters in Cairo. Prosecutors said they had found bullets, birdshot and Molotov cocktails near the clashes near the Republican Guard and interrogated nearly 650 suspects. 9: Supporters of Morsi plan a protest march and commemoration ceremony for those killed at Republican Guard clashes at noon. The rally was held by the pro-Morsi National Alliance in Support of Legitimacy, an Islamist coalition led by the Muslim Brotherhood. They demanded the return of Morsi to power. The former president's supporters continued their sit-in for 11 days in front of Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque.
