The revolution and pacts (51). ‘The Dirty Border War' (III). The 1950 Tripartite Declaration. The Tripartite Declaration of 1950 (also referred as the Tripartite Agreement of 1950) was a jointly issued statement by the United States, the United Kingdom, and France , which guaranteed the territorial status quo determined by Armistice Agreements. It developed from discussions related to the armistice. Issued on May 25, 1950, the Declaration outlined the parties' commitment to peace and stability in the area and their opposition to the use or threat of force. They pledged to take action within and outside the United Nations to prevent violations of the frontiers or armistice lines. Further, they reiterated their opposition to the development of an arms race. The Tripartite Declaration also stipulated close consultation among the three powers with a view to limiting the Arab-Israeli arms race. The aim of the Western powers was to maintain stability and the free flow of oil, to neutralise the Arab-Israeli conflict and, if possible, to convince Arabs and Israelis to make common cause with the West against the threat of Soviet encroachment. In June 1952, the parties set up the Near East Arms Coordinating Committee (NEACC), through which they co-ordinated their arms sales to all parties in the conflict. The US sold virtually no arms in the Middle East, leaving those markets to Britain and France, with considerable competition between the two. The NEACC functioned reasonably well for more than three years. Both Britain and France periodically withheld arms from the rivals in the Arab-Israeli dispute. This primarily occurred when states took action that threatened either British or French regional interests. The three powers recognised, however, that the Arab states and Israel needed to maintain a certain level of armed force for purposes of internal security and legitimate self-defence. They declared that they would consider arms requests in light of these principles-including requests that would permit the countries to “play their part in the defence of the area as a whole:' An important but somewhat unenforceable clause of the Tripartite Agreement also stressed that the three powers would only sell arms with an assurance that the purchasing nations would not use them for acts of aggression against other nations. The US was the central force behind the agreement. US President Dwight Eisenhower viewed the 1950 Tripartite Declaration as a proper instrument to ensure neutrality of the West in general and of the US in particular in the Arab-Israeli feud. Its ultimate purpose was to prevent any seizure of the Middle East territory by force. Others consider that the “agreement did not prevent the Arab states from obtaining weapons through their alliance relationships with suppliers (as actually did happen when Britain speeded up supply of arms to Iraqi within the context of the Bagdad Pact). In spite of being a signatory of the Tripartite Declaration, France had since the early 1950s been supplying Israel with arms under the terms of a secret Franco-Israeli arms arrangement. Finally, the “Czech Arms Deal” of September 1955, by means of which the Soviet Union agreed to sell Egypt $250 million worth of modern weaponry, made irrelevant Western efforts to limit the flow of arms. In April 1956 France began to transfer large quantities of modern arms to Israel. [email protected]
