In its second round the El Gouna Film Festival (GFF, 20-82 September) is paying tribute to the legendary Egyptian filmmaker Youssef Chahine, to mark ten years since he died. A special programme features a screening of his newly restored masterpiece The Emigrant, an exhibition of posters and paraphernalia and, most remarkably, a short montage of Chahine scenes by filmmaker Amir Ramsis (also artistic director of GFF) to accompany a live performance of Chahine film scores recomposed by the celebrated composer-conductor Hisham Gabr. The project of recomposing film music is happening for the first time in Egypt, though this is not the first time Gabr, who was recently awarded the Order of Arts and Letters from the French government, has reinvented popular music: last July he opened the Baalbeck International Festival in Lebanon with two medleys from Oum Kalthoum's most iconic songs, newly recreated. With Chahine the task is doubly hard because Gabr must also incorporate the visual experience into this concept. According to Gabr, reintroducing Chahine's film music was initially an idea of the film producer and director Marian Khoury, Chahine's nephew and the co-director of the production company he founded, Misr International Films: “It's been two years since Khoury and I talked about the idea for the first time. It was not clear when or where this idea could be implemented, in France for example or at the Cairo Opera House, or perhaps for the 10th anniversary.” When GFF decided to celebrate the latter Khoury proposed the idea to the festival administration and it was welcomed. “Amir and I are working on parallel tracks. He finds the visual representation of each musical piece I finish.” In addition to the film scenes, however, the visuals will also include photos of Chahine on locations. Sound bites from interviews with Chahine will be also be incorporated into the soundtrack. One of the challenges inherent to such a project, Gabr explains, is how the music, not the image is its core. “This is different from how musical composition works in cinema because then music adds to the images and not vice versa. Music in cinema is understood and has a logic because of its dramatic context. But here I have to find a kind of coherence not only between music and image, but also in the musical piece itself which consists of a number of different films in which music plays an important role.” The selection of films depends on a range of factors. One is the space given to music in the film. Most of Chahine's later films, especially The Emigrant (1994) and Destiny (1997), had a very large musical component. But there are also earlier films like The Land (1969) and The Sixth Day (1986) that boast strong and pervasive scores. With a focus on songs, indeed, The Return of the Prodigal Son (1976) was more like a musical. Gabr's approach is not so much to create a presentation of music in the different stages of Chahine's cinema but to reflect the best in each stage by mixing various ideas and approaches into a newly forged whole. Chahine Part of the difficulty Gabr faces is that many of the tunes and musical themes in question are extremely familiar in their original format: “Even though Chahine's work was only admired by a certain group most of the time, those who loved his work really believed in him and made him very widely influential. So a lot of people are familiar with his films' original music and songs. And when something is already well known and loved it is always difficult to reintroduce it in a different but still appealing way.” The magnitude of Gabr's task begins to emerge. He needs to keep the spirit of the original music, present a coherent composition out of various, unrelated fragments and songs, and sync the resulting music to visual material. “I tried to think of the context of why this piece of music was created and to stay on the same track as the motivation behind creating the music in this or that scene,” he explains. “My principal drive in taking on a project like this is to create something new. You need to do this without making a break with the original, nostalgic music of Chahine films and without sounding too western even if you're playing with a symphony orchestra. I have a classical music background but at the same time I am Egyptian and I belong here. And I want this combination to come through in this piece.” Indeed Oriental instruments like oud, qanun and percussion have been incorporated into the symphony orchestra, together with a singer from the Cairo Opera House to perform extracts from the songs live. “We selected a singer whose voice is close to Magda Al-Rumi's to perform the songs Al-Rumi famously sang in Chahine's films.” For Gabr part of the draw of this project is the chance to tackle some of the finest Egyptian music by some of the most talented musicians in recent history. “Chahine worked with great musicians and composers such as Mohammed Nouh, Kamal Al-Tawil, Mustafa Nagi and Yahya Al-Mougi especially in films where music played bigger and more central role.” Chahine was not dogmatic, whether in his personal life or in his creative work, and his choice of music reflects how open he was to different styles and ideas. That is why the role of music in his films changed dramatically from one stage to the next. He was often dealing with song writers rather than film score composers and this made a difference. In some songs he let actors including himself sing. “Chahin was an adventurer,” Gabr says. “The music in his films is the best proof. Even when this or that film is not so popular, its music will always find its way to the people. I could say that some of his film music was even popular than the films in which it appeared.” For Gabr this project is a rare opportunity to think out of the box, because “celebrating a filmmaker with music”, as he puts it, “is a very different thing. I wish this music could be performed in Alexandria, his beloved city, or in Lebanon where he has family roots.” For his part Amir Ramsis is concerned with reconstructing the scenes, photos, and interview extracts to make them fit the music coherently. “We are putting together a short story on the music in Chahine's cinema, sometimes incorporating the voice of Chahin himself,” he says. A selection of some of the most famous phrases Chahine came up with will be included in the background while on stage the orchestra will play his music, reminding the audience of the gems of a long and remarkable career. For Ramsis, indeed, the music in Chahine's cinema is bigger than music as such: “His admiration of musicals was there all the time, since the beginning of his film career. And you see it in more aspects of his work than songs and music. The rhythm in Chahine's cinema is music.”
